Conversion of Waste Biomass into Activated Carbon and Evaluation of Environmental Consequences Using Life Cycle Assessment

In this article, activated carbon was produced from Lantana camara and olive trees by H3PO4 chemical activation. The prepared carbons were analyzed characterizations such as scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. is used an activator agent to create abundant pore structure. According EDX the crystalline structure destroys increases content of tree 77.51 76.16%, respectively. SEM images reveal a porous formed result Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area 611.21 m2/g 167.47 m2/g, TGA analysis both shows their thermal degradation starts at 230 °C but fully degrades temperatures above 450 °C. To quantify potential environmental implications related production process (AC) trees, life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology employed. For most tested indicators, activation using showed greatest ecological impacts: ozone layer depletion (42.27%), acidification (55.31%), human toxicity (57.00%), freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity (85.01%), terrestrial (86.17%), eutrophication (92.20%). global warming (5.210 kg CO2 eq), which evenly weighted between phases, shown be one significant impacts. total energy demand tree’s AC producing 70.521 MJ per Kg.